Návrh multikompartmentového matematického modelu plic

Abstract

Mechanical ventilation or artificial lung ventilation is an invasive procedure which is used to assist or replace spontaneous breathing. In positive pressure ventilation, air is pushed into the trachea and through the respiratory system causing an overstretching of the airways and the

Mechanical ventilation or artificial lung ventilation is an invasive procedure which is used to assist or replace spontaneous breathing. In positive pressure ventilation, air is pushed into the trachea and through the respiratory system causing an overstretching of the airways and the alveoli, leading to ventilator induced lung injury (VILI). It is therefore necessary to monitor the pressure distribution in a patient?s respiratory system so as to avoid such injuries. This thesis describes a five compartment mathematical model of the respiratory system, it describes an experimental measurement on the five compartment physical model and analyses the ventilatory data such as pressure distribution for the measurement with different added dead space into the structure of the model. The mathematical model shall be useful in simulating the performance of a ventilator under different ventilatory regimes and to analyse the pressure distribution in each compartment under changing parameters of the ventilator such as PEEP and I: E ratio. For the purpose of writing, the process was split into two parts, physical model and mathematical model. The first part describes the physical five compartment model and the experimental measurement done and analysis of the pressure distribution in each compartment of the model. The second part describes the design and development of the mathematical model corresponding to the physical model of the respiratory system and the realization of mathematical simulations of the physically measured experiments.