Fotovoltaický systéma pro firmu nebo domácnost - proveditelnost a optimalizace

Abstract

Design of solar photovoltaic systems plays a crucial role for technical and economic aspects on solar photovoltaic systems. So far as fossil sources becomes limited, many countries focus on renewable energy, especially to the solar energy sector. Many new have already started to establish market with various solar equipment designs due to the rapid growth of the sector. By increasing diversification of equipment, solar photovoltaic system designs become substantial. The main purpose of this dissertation is to show which steps need to be followed and what to consider in these steps whilst designing a solar power system. Evaluate technical and economic reflections of the design changes to be made especially in the inverter and cabling which are the important parts of the utility-scale solar photovoltaic systems and which effects the efficiency of the system directly. In the first chapter, the energy consumption amounts throughout the world, the concepts that should be known as basics before designing a solar photovoltaic system, and the based equipment and features used in these systems are included. In the second chapter, a site area was determined. Suitable photovoltaic modules, trackers, cables, inverters, and transformer were selected for four cases. Overloading ratio was determined according to the capacity of the inverters. PV string sizes were calculated for 1000V and 1500V inverters in order to use inverters more efficiently. Trackers were designed, and locations were decided according to optimally incline angle obtained from Solargis platform. Required number of equipment was calculated. Amount of cables were determined with ProgeCad drawing software, and cables size were decided according to current they carry. In addition, the power loss of the systems was calculated to obtain the average annual electricity production report from the Solargis platform. At the end of the second section, four solar photovoltaic systems were designed with two different inverters to be 1000V-centralized, 1000V-distributed, 1500V-centralized, and finally 1500V-distributed. In the third chapter, solar PV plant reports were obtained from the Solargis platform with the data received from the calculations in the second chapter. Technical analysis of these reports has been made, and the efficiency of all systems has been calculated. In the section of economic analysis, the investment cost of the solar PV systems´ equipment was calculated with sales prices and usage amounts of equipment. In the last chapter, NPV analyses were made for all designs and minimum electricity selling prices were calculated to obtain how the location, and inverters with different voltage are affected utility-scale solar photovoltaic systems. Furthermore, four designed projects were compared with each other according to total based equipment costs and average annual electricity production of the projects. Finally, the effects of discount rate and electricity inflation rate on the minimum selling price were examined with sensitivity analyses.

Design of solar photovoltaic systems plays a crucial role for technical and economic aspects on solar photovoltaic systems. So far as fossil sources becomes limited, many countries focus on renewable energy, especially to the solar energy sector. Many new have already started to establish market with various solar equipment designs due to the rapid growth of the sector. By increasing diversification of equipment, solar photovoltaic system designs become substantial. The main purpose of this dissertation is to show which steps need to be followed and what to consider in these steps whilst designing a solar power system. Evaluate technical and economic reflections of the design changes to be made especially in the inverter and cabling which are the important parts of the utility-scale solar photovoltaic systems and which effects the efficiency of the system directly. In the first chapter, the energy consumption amounts throughout the world, the concepts that should be known as basics before designing a solar photovoltaic system, and the based equipment and features used in these systems are included. In the second chapter, a site area was determined. Suitable photovoltaic modules, trackers, cables, inverters, and transformer were selected for four cases. Overloading ratio was determined according to the capacity of the inverters. PV string sizes were calculated for 1000V and 1500V inverters in order to use inverters more efficiently. Trackers were designed, and locations were decided according to optimally incline angle obtained from Solargis platform. Required number of equipment was calculated. Amount of cables were determined with ProgeCad drawing software, and cables size were decided according to current they carry. In addition, the power loss of the systems was calculated to obtain the average annual electricity production report from the Solargis platform. At the end of the second section, four solar photovoltaic systems were designed with two different inverters to be 1000V-centralized, 1000V-distributed, 1500V-centralized, and finally 1500V-distributed. In the third chapter, solar PV plant reports were obtained from the Solargis platform with the data received from the calculations in the second chapter. Technical analysis of these reports has been made, and the efficiency of all systems has been calculated. In the section of economic analysis, the investment cost of the solar PV systems´ equipment was calculated with sales prices and usage amounts of equipment. In the last chapter, NPV analyses were made for all designs and minimum electricity selling prices were calculated to obtain how the location, and inverters with different voltage are affected utility-scale solar photovoltaic systems. Furthermore, four designed projects were compared with each other according to total based equipment costs and average annual electricity production of the projects. Finally, the effects of discount rate and electricity inflation rate on the minimum selling price were examined with sensitivity analyses.