Bezpečnost osob a vozidel v tunelech pozemních komunikací při mimořádné události

Abstract

Tato bakala?r?ska? pra?ce se zaby?va? bezpec?nosti? osob a vozidel vtunelovy?ch stavba?ch pr?i mimor?a?dne? uda?losti. Ci?lem bakala?r?ske? pra?ce je posoudit vliv ru?zny?ch faktoru? na vy?voj ne?kolika uda?losti? a porovnat jaky?m zpu?sobem se me?ni? bezpec?nost osob. Pra?ce je pojata jako analy?za rizik tunelove? stavby Kamenna? Vrata. Pro prvotni? zhodnoceni? moz?ny?ch uda?losti? je vyuz?ito kvalitativni? FMEA analy?zy. Jeji? pomoci? je porovna?no deset uda?losti?, ktere? mohou s nejve?ts?i? pravde?podobnosti? nastat v tunelu. Vy?sledky analy?zy ukazuji?, z?e uda?lostmi s nejve?ts?i? hodnotou risk priority number neboli rizikove?ho c?i?sla (da?le RPN), jsou poz?a?r, zastaveni? vozidla a dopravni? nehoda. Na?sledne? navazuje modelace te?chto tr?i? uda?losti? pomoci? softwarove?ho na?stroje pro hodnoceni? rizik Capita. Vy?sledky modelaci? ukazuji?, z?e na rychlost s?i?r?eni? zplodin ma? vy?znamny? vliv pode?lny? sklon tunelu a take? velikost tunelove?ho profilu. Da?le se uka?zalo, z?e pr?i vyuz?iti? Weidmannova evakuac?ni?ho modelu je evakuace rychlejs?i? oproti pouz?i?vane?mu evakuac?ni?mu modelu dle C?SN 73 0802. Tyto vy?sledky naznac?uji? pr?i?lez?itost k dals?i?mu vy?zkumu Weidmannova modelu pro be?z?ne? pouz?iti?, vzhledem k tomu, z?e by jeho aplikace mohla pr?ine?st u?spory pr?i stavbe? tunelovy?ch staveb z du?vodu niz?s?i?ch poz?adavku? na bezpec?nosti? prvky.

This bachelor thesis focuses on safety of persons and vehicles in road tunnels during an emergency. The objective of the thesis is to assess the influence of various factors on the development of possible crisis situations and to compare how that affects safety of involved people. The first part of the thesis consists of a risk analysis of the Kamenná vrata tunnel construction. The qualitative FMEA analysis is used for initial assessment of possible events. It is used to compare ten events that are most likely to occur in the tunnel. The analysis results show that events with the highest risk priority number (RPN) are fire, vehicle stopped in the tunnel, and traffic accident. In the second part follows the modelling of the three aforementioned events using the Capita risk assessment software tool. The modelling results show that the longitudinal slope of the tunnel, and also the size of the tunnel profile, have a significant effect on the speed of fire spreading. Furthermore, the research part suggests that when using the Weidmann evacuation model, the evacuation is faster than the evacuation model used according to ČSN 73 0802. In conclusion, the results offer an opportunity for further research of the Weidmann model, given the fact that its application could bring savings in the construction of tunnel structures due to lower requirements for security features.