Josef Kittler, Reza Ghaderi, Terry Windeatt, and Jirí Matas. Face verification using error correcting output codes. In A. Jacobs and T. Baldwin, editors, Proceedings of the CVPR'01 conference, volume 1, pages 755-760, Los Alamitos, USA, December 2001. IEEE Computer Society.
The error correcting output coding (ECOC) approach to classifier design decomposes a multi-class problem into a set of complementary two-class problems. We show how to apply the ECOC concept to automatic face verification, which is inherently a two-class problem. The output of the binary classifiers defines the ECOC feature space, in which it is easier to separate transformed patterns representing clients and impostors. We propose two different combining strategies as the matching score for face verification. The first uses the first order Minkowski metric, and requires a threshold to be set. The second is a kernel-based method and has no parameters to set. The proposed method exhibits better performance on the well known XM2VTS data set compared with previous reported results.
