Assessing Exhaust Toxicity with Biological Detector: Configuration of Portable Air-Liquid Interface Human Lung Cell Model Exposure System, Sampling Train and Test Conditions
VOJTÍŠEK, M., et al. Assessing Exhaust Toxicity with Biological Detector: Configuration of Portable Air-Liquid Interface Human Lung Cell Model Exposure System, Sampling Train and Test Conditions. SAE Technical Paper Series. 2019, 2019(24), ISSN 0148-7191. DOI 10.4271/2019-24-0050.
Air pollution remains to be one of the leading causes of premature death worldwide, with significant share attributed to particulate matter and reactive nitrogen compounds from mobile sources. Due to discrepancies between legislative metrics and health effects, and between laboratory tests and real driving, health-relevant metric applicable to real driving conditions are sought to evaluate the effects of emerging legislation, technologies and fuels. Models of human lung air-liquid interface have been recently explored to simulate effects of exposure to the whole exhaust. In this study, a compact exposure system, utilizing commercially available inserts with 3D in-vitro model of human lung cells, has been designed and fabricated in-house with the vision of mobile use, minimizing size and power consumption. Preliminary tests were done on a Euro 6 direct injection spark ignition engine operating at speeds and throttle positions corresponding to the WLTC cycle. A sample of diluted exhaust was taken from two systems offering dynamic variation of dilution ratio to account for variable exhaust flow: a proportional sampling gravimetric system and from a rotating disc diluter. As expected, nucleation of ~10 nm particles took place at lower (10:1) dilution ratios, however, low dilution ratios may be necessary as the exposure duration is limited to a maximum of hours to several days. The highest particle losses - around 40 % - were in a membrane humidifier, a part of the effort to maintain incubator conditions of 37 C, 80-95 % relative humidity and around 5 % CO2 at the cells. Two types of cell cultures have been exposed over a period of 5 days, with daily exposure consisting of two runs of WLTC, first with a cold start, active cooling of the engine for two hours, and two additional runs of WLTC, with acceptable rate of cell survival. The compact design and choice of components offers a promise for implementation during common laboratory tests and also on the road.
eng
dc.format.mimetype
application/pdf
dc.language.iso
eng
dc.publisher
SAE International
dc.relation.ispartof
SAE Technical Paper Series
dc.subject
spark ignition engine
eng
dc.subject
air pollution
eng
dc.subject
complex aerosol
eng
dc.subject
nanoparticles
eng
dc.subject
health effects
eng
dc.subject
air liquid interface
eng
dc.subject
toxicity
eng
dc.subject
exhaust
eng
dc.subject
emissions
eng
dc.subject
particulate matter
eng
dc.subject
exposure chamber
eng
dc.subject
cell culture
eng
dc.subject
DNA
eng
dc.title
Assessing Exhaust Toxicity with Biological Detector: Configuration of Portable Air-Liquid Interface Human Lung Cell Model Exposure System, Sampling Train and Test Conditions
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/Czech Science Foundation/GA/GA18-04719S/CZ/Mechanisms of toxicity of gasoline engine emissions in 3D tissue cultures and a model bronchial epithelial cell line/