Radiolabeled nanomaterials for biomedical applications: radiopharmacy in the era of nanotechnology

Abstract

Background: Recent advances in nanotechnology have ofered new hope for cancer detection, prevention, and treatment. Nanomedicine, a term for the application of nanotechnology in medical and health felds, uses nanoparticles for several applica‑ tions such as imaging, diagnostic, targeted cancer therapy, drug and gene delivery, tissue engineering, and theranostics. Results: Here, we overview the current state-of-the-art of radiolabeled nanoparticles for molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy. Nanostructured radiopharmaceuticals of technetium-99m, copper-64, lutetium-177, and radium-223 are discussed within the scope of this review article. Conclusion: Nanoradiopharmaceuticals may lead to better development of thera‑ nostics inspired by ingenious delivery and imaging systems. Cancer nano-theranos‑ tics have the potential to lead the way to more specifc and individualized cancer treatment. Keywords: Radiolabeled nanoparticles, Technetium-99m, Copper-64, Lutetium-177, Radium-223, Molecular imaging, Radionuclide therapy, Theranostics, Toxicity, Radiopharmacy