Formulation of Einstein's equations for numerical relativity
Formulace Einsteinových rovnic pro numerickou relativitu
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České vysoké učení technické v Praze
Czech Technical University in Prague
Czech Technical University in Prague
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Po zavedení aparátu diferenciální geometrie je provedena foliace prostoročasu na prostorupodobné nadplochy a je zavedena vnější křivost spolu s prostorovou metrikou. Z projekcí Riemannova tenzoru jsou odvozeny Codazziho, Ricciho a Gaussova rovnice, ze kterých jsou za pomocí Einsteinových rovnic získány rovnice pro evoluci vnější křivosti, evoluci prostorové metriky a dvě vazbové rovnice, které tvoří soustavu ekvivalentní původním polním rovnicím. Následným zvolením specifických souřadnic v 3+1 formulaci získáme Arnowittovu–Deserovu–Misnerovu (ADM) formulaci. Nakonec jsou představeny konformní transformace metriky a ostatních veličin, na základě nichž je odvozena Baumgartova–Shapirova–Šibatova–Nakamurova (BSSN) formulace, která, jak se ukazuje, zlepšuje numerickou stabilitu při výpočtech relativistických problémů na počítači.
After defining necessary objects from differential geometry, the space-time is foliated into spacelike hypersurfaces and the extristic curvature along with the spatial metric are introduced. Starting from the projections of the Riemann curvature tensor, we derive the equations of Codazzi, Ricci and Gauss. By employ-ing Einstein’s field equations, we arrive at the evolution of equation the extristic curvature, evolution equation of the spatial metric and the two constraint equations, which altogether constitute a system of equations equivalent to the former field equations. By choosing a specific set of coordinates in the 3+1 formulation we obtain the Arnowitt–Deser–Misner (ADM) formulation. Finally we define the conformal transformations of a metric and other quantities, on basis of which the BSSN formulation is derived. The Baumgarte–Shapiro–Shibata–Nakamura (BSSN) formulation is a formulation of Einstein’s equations that improves the numerical stability when used for a numerical simulation.
After defining necessary objects from differential geometry, the space-time is foliated into spacelike hypersurfaces and the extristic curvature along with the spatial metric are introduced. Starting from the projections of the Riemann curvature tensor, we derive the equations of Codazzi, Ricci and Gauss. By employ-ing Einstein’s field equations, we arrive at the evolution of equation the extristic curvature, evolution equation of the spatial metric and the two constraint equations, which altogether constitute a system of equations equivalent to the former field equations. By choosing a specific set of coordinates in the 3+1 formulation we obtain the Arnowitt–Deser–Misner (ADM) formulation. Finally we define the conformal transformations of a metric and other quantities, on basis of which the BSSN formulation is derived. The Baumgarte–Shapiro–Shibata–Nakamura (BSSN) formulation is a formulation of Einstein’s equations that improves the numerical stability when used for a numerical simulation.