Miniaturized Fluxgate Sensors
Miniaturní fluxgate senzor
Authors
Supervisors
Reviewers
Editors
Other contributors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
České vysoké učení technické v Praze
Czech Technical University in Prague
Czech Technical University in Prague
Date
Files
Abstract
Tato práce popisuje návrh a výrobu miniaturizovaného fluxgate senzoru s využitím technologie CMOS. Fluxgate využívá jádro oválného tvaru „racetrack“ vyrobené z amorfního kovu pomocí chemického leptání nebo laserového řezání. Budicí i snímací cívky jsou typu solenoid a jsou vytvořené s pomocí technologie wire-bonding. Finální design používá 40 závitů budicí cívky a 60 závitů snímací cívky. Sensor dosahuje citlivosti 4440 V/T při buzení 1,3 MHz. Optimální proud pro sinusové buzení je 110 mA RMS. Tepelný výkon při tomto proudu je přibližně 340 mW. Cívky se zahřívají na teplotu okolo 80 °C (60 °C nad teplotu okolního prostředí). Spotřebu energie lze snížit použitím pulzního buzení, to je však v této práci zkoumáno jen velmi stručně. Lineární rozsah při provozu v otevřené smyčce je ±200 µT s nelinearitou menší než 0,5 %. V této práci nebyly měřeny šumové charakteristiky; budou změřeny a publikovány později. Součástí práce jsou také simulace metodou konečných prvků (FEM) s cílem optimalizovat citlivost fluxgate sensoru. Zkoumají se různé rozměry jádra „racetrack“ s cílem optimalizovat demagnetizační činitel a uspořádání cívek obklopujících jádro. V rámci této práce jsou také změřeny magnetické vlastnosti použitého materiálu pro účely simulací.
This thesis describes the design and fabrication of a miniaturized fluxgate sensor using CMOS technology. The fluxgate uses a "racetrack" shaped oval core made of an amorphous metal using chemical etching or laser-cutting. Solenoid coils, made using wire bonding, are used for both the excitation and sensing coils. The design uses 40 turns of excitation coil winding and 60 turns of the sensing coil. The sensor achieves an open-loop sensitivity of 4440 V/T at 1.3 MHz excitation. The optimal current for sinewave excitation is 110 mA RMS. Power dissipation at this current is approximately 340 mW. The coils heat up to around 80°C (60°C above ambient). Power consumption can be reduced using pulse excitation, which is examined in this thesis only briefly. The linear range in open-loop operation is ±200 µT with less than 0.5 % non-linearity. Noise characteristics and perming were not measured in this thesis; they will be measured and published later. The thesis also includes FEM (finite element method) simulations of fluxgate operation in order to optimize its sensitivity. Different dimensions of the racetrack core are investigated to optimize the demagnetization factor and layout of coils surrounding the core. Magnetic properties of the material used in simulations are also measured and processed as part of this thesis.
This thesis describes the design and fabrication of a miniaturized fluxgate sensor using CMOS technology. The fluxgate uses a "racetrack" shaped oval core made of an amorphous metal using chemical etching or laser-cutting. Solenoid coils, made using wire bonding, are used for both the excitation and sensing coils. The design uses 40 turns of excitation coil winding and 60 turns of the sensing coil. The sensor achieves an open-loop sensitivity of 4440 V/T at 1.3 MHz excitation. The optimal current for sinewave excitation is 110 mA RMS. Power dissipation at this current is approximately 340 mW. The coils heat up to around 80°C (60°C above ambient). Power consumption can be reduced using pulse excitation, which is examined in this thesis only briefly. The linear range in open-loop operation is ±200 µT with less than 0.5 % non-linearity. Noise characteristics and perming were not measured in this thesis; they will be measured and published later. The thesis also includes FEM (finite element method) simulations of fluxgate operation in order to optimize its sensitivity. Different dimensions of the racetrack core are investigated to optimize the demagnetization factor and layout of coils surrounding the core. Magnetic properties of the material used in simulations are also measured and processed as part of this thesis.