The Structure of Quantum Dots
Struktura kvantových teček
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České vysoké učení technické v Praze
Czech Technical University in Prague
Czech Technical University in Prague
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Tato diplomová práce seznamuje s defekty v krystalech a jejich vlastnostmi. V teoretické části jsou popsány quibity a princip jejich činnosti, základy kvantových počítačů, vztah mezi QPU a CPU, kvantové tečky a jejich realizace pomocí různých materiálů. Je analyzována struktura a energetické hladiny substitučního atomu dudíku v diamantu a komplexu dusík-vakance (NV). V praktické části je neprve popsán program Synopsys Quantum ATK, který byl nejprve použit pro vytvoření klusteru čistého diamantu tvořeného 250 atomy uhlíku, v dalších krocích pro implementaci atomu dusíku a NV defektu a nakonec k optimalizaci vazebných vzdáleností mezi atomy. Celý postup sloužil k analyze kvantových teček, které by mohly být použity jako quibity v kvantových počítačích. Získané výsledky byly porovnány s dříve publikovanými pracemi a v závěru kirátce zhrnuty.
This master thesis helps to get familiar with crystal defects and their electrical properties. In a theoretical part, there is a description of qubits and their working principle, the basics of quantum computers, the relationship between QPU and CPU, quantum dots, and their realization by different materials. The structure and energy levels of the nitrogen substitution atom in diamond and of the Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) complex are analyzed. In the practical part, the base of software Synopsys QuantumATK that was used for this work is described. This program was used to create a pure diamond cluster with 250 C atoms, then to implement nitrogen, and, in the next step, to create NV defect in a diamond and in the last processed optimization of bond distances between atoms. The whole process was aimed to analyze quantum dots that could serve for qubits in quantum computers. DFT-PBE-SGGA method was chosen for this and tries were processed around this method. Obtained results from software QuantumATK were compared with other previous related works and the conclusion was mentioned at the end.
This master thesis helps to get familiar with crystal defects and their electrical properties. In a theoretical part, there is a description of qubits and their working principle, the basics of quantum computers, the relationship between QPU and CPU, quantum dots, and their realization by different materials. The structure and energy levels of the nitrogen substitution atom in diamond and of the Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) complex are analyzed. In the practical part, the base of software Synopsys QuantumATK that was used for this work is described. This program was used to create a pure diamond cluster with 250 C atoms, then to implement nitrogen, and, in the next step, to create NV defect in a diamond and in the last processed optimization of bond distances between atoms. The whole process was aimed to analyze quantum dots that could serve for qubits in quantum computers. DFT-PBE-SGGA method was chosen for this and tries were processed around this method. Obtained results from software QuantumATK were compared with other previous related works and the conclusion was mentioned at the end.