Gasification and pyrolysis of waste materials using thermal plasma
Gazifikace a pyrolýza odpadních látek s využitím termického plazmatu
Authors
Supervisors
Reviewers
Editors
Other contributors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
České vysoké učení technické v Praze
Czech Technical University in Prague
Czech Technical University in Prague
Date
Abstract
Tato práce je zaměřena na popis zpracování odpadu formou gazifikace a pyrolýzy v plazmovém reaktoru. Teoretická část se nejprve zabývá problematikou nakládání s odpady, včetně stručné statistiky o odpadech a jejich rozdělení, dále pak popisem plazmatu, jeho forem, charakteristik a základního chování v elektromagnetickém poli. Následně jsou vysvětleny metody generování plazmatu, zejména termického, včetně zdrojů tohoto typu plazmatu a jejich vzájemných rozdílů. Teoretická část končí popisem laboratorního vybavení používaného na Ústavu fyziky plazmatu, konkrétně zařízení PLASGAS (plazmový zplyňovací reaktor) a vnitřními reakcemi, které probíhají v reakční komoře. Během experimentu byl připravený materiál (simulovaný nemocniční odpad) zpracován za několika různých počátečních a provozních podmínek, konkrétně se jednalo o gazifikaci, částečnou pyrolýzu a pyrolýzu. Z naměřených dat byla provedena analýza, zejména elektrických veličin a složení výstupních produktů. Získané znalosti jsou využity pro výpočet účinností jednotlivých reakcí. Nakonec jsou diskutovány energetické bilance a potenciál technologie v porovnání s konvenčními metodami nakládání s odpady.
This thesis is focused on the description of plasma waste treatment in the form of gasification and pyrolysis in a plasma reactor. The theoretical part first concerns itself with the issues of waste management, including brief statistics about waste, it’s categories and their division, further a description of plasma, its forms, characteristics and basic behavior in the electromagnetic field. Subsequently methods of plasma generation are explained, with a focus on the thermal, including the sources of specific types of plasma and their mutual differences. The theoretical part ends with a description/overview of the laboratory equipment used by the Institute of Plasma Physics, specifically with the PLASGAS apparatus (plasma gasification reactor) and the inner reactions that occur in the reaction chamber. During the experiment material samples (simulated medical waste) were processed under several different initial and operating conditions, specifically gasiffication, partial pyrolysis and pyrolysis. Using the measured data, analyses were performed, particularly of electrical quantities and composition of output products. This attainment is used to calculate the efficiency of individual reactions. Finally energy balances were discussed and the technology was compared to conventional methods of waste management.
This thesis is focused on the description of plasma waste treatment in the form of gasification and pyrolysis in a plasma reactor. The theoretical part first concerns itself with the issues of waste management, including brief statistics about waste, it’s categories and their division, further a description of plasma, its forms, characteristics and basic behavior in the electromagnetic field. Subsequently methods of plasma generation are explained, with a focus on the thermal, including the sources of specific types of plasma and their mutual differences. The theoretical part ends with a description/overview of the laboratory equipment used by the Institute of Plasma Physics, specifically with the PLASGAS apparatus (plasma gasification reactor) and the inner reactions that occur in the reaction chamber. During the experiment material samples (simulated medical waste) were processed under several different initial and operating conditions, specifically gasiffication, partial pyrolysis and pyrolysis. Using the measured data, analyses were performed, particularly of electrical quantities and composition of output products. This attainment is used to calculate the efficiency of individual reactions. Finally energy balances were discussed and the technology was compared to conventional methods of waste management.